Linux man pages

Section (1) du

Linux manual pages	Section 1

Name

du — estimate file space usage

Synopsis

du [OPTION...] [FILE...]

du [OPTION...] −−files0−from=F

DESCRIPTION

Summarize disk usage of the set of FILEs, recursively for directories.

Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.

−0, −−null: end each output line with NUL, not newline
−a, −−all: write counts for all files, not just directories
−−apparent−size: print apparent sizes, rather than disk usage; although the apparent size is usually smaller, it may be larger due to holes in (_zsingle_quotesz_sparse_zsingle_quotesz_) files, internal fragmentation, indirect blocks, and the like
−B, −−block−size=SIZE/: scale sizes by SIZE before printing them; e.g., _zsingle_quotesz_−BM_zsingle_quotesz_ prints sizes in units of 1,048,576 bytes; see SIZE format below
−b, −−bytes: equivalent to _zsingle_quotesz_−−apparent−size −−block−size=1/_zsingle_quotesz_
−c, −−total: produce a grand total
−D, −−dereference−args: dereference only symlinks that are listed on the command line
−d, −−max−depth=N/: print the total for a directory (or file, with −−all) only if it is N or fewer levels below the command line argument; −−max−depth=0/ is the same as −−summarize
−−files0−from=F/: summarize disk usage of the NUL−terminated file names specified in file F; if F is −, then read names from standard input
−H: equivalent to −−dereference−args (−D)
−h, −−human−readable: print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 234M 2G)
−−inodes: list inode usage information instead of block usage
−k: like −−block−size=1K/
−L, −−dereference: dereference all symbolic links
−l, −−count−links: count sizes many times if hard linked
−m: like −−block−size=1M/
−P, −−no−dereference: don_zsingle_quotesz_t follow any symbolic links (this is the default)
−S, −−separate−dirs: for directories do not include size of subdirectories
−−si: like −h, but use powers of 1000 not 1024
−s, −−summarize: display only a total for each argument
−t, −−threshold=SIZE/: exclude entries smaller than SIZE if positive, or entries greater than SIZE if negative
−−time: show time of the last modification of any file in the directory, or any of its subdirectories
−−time=WORD/: show time as WORD instead of modification time: atime, access, use, ctime or status
−−time−style=STYLE/: show times using STYLE, which can be: full−iso, long−iso, iso, or +FORMAT; FORMAT is interpreted like in _zsingle_quotesz_date_zsingle_quotesz_
−X, −−exclude−from=FILE/: exclude files that match any pattern in FILE
−−exclude=PATTERN/: exclude files that match PATTERN
−x, −−one−file−system: skip directories on different file systems
−−help: display this help and exit
−−version: output version information and exit

Display values are in units of the first available SIZE from −−block−size, and the DU_BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE and BLOCKSIZE environment variables. Otherwise, units default to 1024 bytes (or 512 if POSIXLY_CORRECT is set).

The SIZE argument is an integer and optional unit (example: 10K is 10*1024). Units are K,M,G,T,P,E,Z,Y (powers of 1024) or KB,MB,... (powers of 1000). Binary prefixes can be used, too: KiB=K, MiB=M, and so on.

PATTERNS

PATTERN is a shell pattern (not a regular expression). The pattern ? matches any one character, whereas * matches any string (composed of zero, one or multiple characters). For example, *.o will match any files whose names end in .o. Therefore, the command

du −−exclude=_zsingle_quotesz_*.o_zsingle_quotesz_

will skip all files and subdirectories ending in .o (including the file .o itself).

AUTHOR

Written by Torbjorn Granlund, David MacKenzie, Paul Eggert, and Jim Meyering.

REPORTING BUGS

GNU coreutils online help: <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>

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