Linux man pages
SECTION 7

HOME Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Section 4 Section 5 Section 6 Section 7 Section 8 Section 9
Name Section info
address_families 7 address_families — socket address families (domains) Synopsis #include <sys/types.h> /* See NOTES */ #include <sys/socket.h>
aio 7 aio — POSIX asynchronous I/O overview DESCRIPTION The POSIX asynchronous I/O (AIO) interface allows applications to initiate one or more I/O operations that
armscii-8 7 armscii-8 — Armenian character set encoded in octal, decimal, and hexadecimal DESCRIPTION The Armenian Standard Code for Information Interchange, 8-bit
arp 7 arp — Linux ARP kernel module. DESCRIPTION This kernel protocol module implements the Address Resolution Protocol defined in RFC 826. It is used to convert
ascii 7 ascii — ASCII character set encoded in octal, decimal, and hexadecimal DESCRIPTION ASCII is the American Standard Code for Information Interchange. It
attributes 7 attributes — POSIX safety concepts DESCRIPTION Note the
boot 7 boot — System bootup process based on UNIX System V Release 4 DESCRIPTION The bootup process (or _zdouble_quotesz_boot sequence_zdouble_quotesz_)
bootparam 7 bootparam — introduction to boot time parameters of the Linux kernel DESCRIPTION The Linux kernel accepts certain _zsingle_quotesz_command-line options_zsing
bpf-helpers 7 BPF-HELPERS — list of eBPF helper functions DESCRIPTION The extended Berkeley Packet Filter (eBPF) subsystem consists in programs written in a pseudo−assem
capabilities 7 capabilities — overview of Linux capabilities DESCRIPTION For the purpose of performing permission checks, traditional UNIX implementations distinguish two c
cgroups 7 cgroups — Linux control groups DESCRIPTION Control groups, usually referred to as cgroups, are a Linux kernel feature which allow processes to be organized
cgroup_namespaces 7 cgroup_namespaces — overview of Linux cgroup namespaces DESCRIPTION For an overview of namespaces, see namespaces(7). Cgroup namespaces virtualize the
charsets 7 charsets — character set standards and internationalization DESCRIPTION This manual page gives an overview on different character set standards and how
complex 7 complex — basics of complex mathematics Synopsis #include <complex.h> DESCRIPTION Complex numbers are numbers of th
cp1251 7 cp1251 — CP 1251 character set encoded in octal, decimal, and hexadecimal DESCRIPTION The Windows Code Pages include several 8-bit extensions to the AS
cp1252 7 cp1252 — CP 1252 character set encoded in octal, decimal, and hexadecimal DESCRIPTION The Windows Code Pages include several 8-bit extensions to the AS
cpuset 7 cpuset — confine processes to processor and memory node subsets DESCRIPTION The cpuset filesystem is a pseudo-filesystem interface to the kernel cpuset
credentials 7 credentials — process identifiers DESCRIPTION Process ID (PID) Each process has a unique nonnegative integer identifier that is
ddp 7 ddp — Linux AppleTalk protocol implementation Synopsis #include <sys/socket.h> #include <netatalk/at.h>
environ 7 environ — user environment Synopsis extern char **environ; DESCRIPTION The variable environ points to an array of p
epoll 7 epoll — I/O event notification facility Synopsis #include <sys/epoll.h> DESCRIPTION The epoll API performs a
fanotify 7 fanotify — monitoring filesystem events DESCRIPTION The fanotify API provides notification and interception of filesystem events. Use cases include virus sca
feature_test_macros 7 feature_test_macros — feature test macros DESCRIPTION Feature test macros allow the programmer to control the definitions that are exposed by system header f
fifo 7 fifo — first-in first-out special file, named pipe DESCRIPTION A FIFO special file (a named pipe) is similar to a pipe, except that it is accessed as p
futex 7 futex — fast user-space locking Synopsis #include <linux/futex.h> DESCRIPTION The Linux kernel provides futexes (_z
libc 7 libc — overview of standard C libraries on Linux DESCRIPTION The term _zdouble_quotesz_libc_zdouble_quotesz_ is commonly used as a shorthand for the _zdouble
glob 7 glob — globbing pathnames DESCRIPTION Long ago, in UNIX V6, there was a program /etc/glob that would expand wildcard patterns. Soon afterward this became a s
hier 7 hier — description of the filesystem hierarchy DESCRIPTION A typical Linux system has, among others, the following directories: /
hostname 7 hostname — hostname resolution description DESCRIPTION Hostnames are domains, where a domain is a hierarchical, dot-separated list of subdomains; for example
icmp 7 icmp — Linux IPv4 ICMP kernel module. DESCRIPTION This kernel protocol module implements the Internet Control Message Protocol defined in RFC 792. It is used
inode 7 inode — file inode information DESCRIPTION Each file has an inode containing metadata about the file. An application can retrieve this metadata using stat(2)
inotify 7 inotify — monitoring filesystem events DESCRIPTION The inotify API provides a mechanism for monitoring filesystem events. Inotify can be used to monito
intro 7 intro — introduction to overview and miscellany section DESCRIPTION Section 7 of the manual provides overviews on various topics, and describes convent
ip 7 ip — Linux IPv4 protocol implementation Synopsis #include <sys/socket.h> #include <netinet/in.h> #include <netinet/ip.h> /* superset of previ
ipc_namespaces 7 ipc_namespaces — overview of Linux IPC namespaces DESCRIPTION IPC namespaces isolate certain IPC resources, namely, System V IPC objects (see sysvipc(7
ipv6 7 ipv6 — Linux IPv6 protocol implementation Synopsis #include <sys/socket.h> #include <netinet/in.h> tcp
iso_8859-1 7 iso_8859-1 — ISO 8859-1 character set encoded in octal, decimal, and hexadecimal DESCRIPTION The ISO 8859 standard includes several 8-bit extensions to
iso_8859-10 7 iso_8859-10 — ISO 8859-10 character set encoded in octal, decimal, and hexadecimal DESCRIPTION The ISO 8859 standard includes several 8-bit extensions to
iso_8859-11 7 iso_8859-11 — ISO 8859-11 character set encoded in octal, decimal, and hexadecimal DESCRIPTION The ISO 8859 standard includes several 8-bit extensions to
iso_8859-13 7 iso_8859-13 — ISO 8859-13 character set encoded in octal, decimal, and hexadecimal DESCRIPTION The ISO 8859 standard includes several 8-bit extensions to
iso_8859-14 7 iso_8859-14 — ISO 8859-14 character set encoded in octal, decimal, and hexadecimal DESCRIPTION The ISO 8859 standard includes several 8-bit extensions to
iso_8859-15 7 iso_8859-15 — ISO 8859-15 character set encoded in octal, decimal, and hexadecimal DESCRIPTION The ISO 8859 standard includes several 8-bit extensions to
iso_8859-16 7 iso_8859-16 — ISO 8859-16 character set encoded in octal, decimal, and hexadecimal DESCRIPTION The ISO 8859 standard includes several 8-bit extensions to
iso_8859-2 7 iso_8859-2 — ISO 8859-2 character set encoded in octal, decimal, and hexadecimal DESCRIPTION The ISO 8859 standard includes several 8-bit extensions to
iso_8859-3 7 iso_8859-3 — ISO 8859-3 character set encoded in octal, decimal, and hexadecimal DESCRIPTION The ISO 8859 standard includes several 8-bit extensions to
iso_8859-4 7 iso_8859-4 — ISO 8859-4 character set encoded in octal, decimal, and hexadecimal DESCRIPTION The ISO 8859 standard includes several 8-bit extensions to
iso_8859-5 7 iso_8859-5 — ISO 8859-5 character set encoded in octal, decimal, and hexadecimal DESCRIPTION The ISO 8859 standard includes several 8-bit extensions to
iso_8859-6 7 iso_8859-6 — ISO 8859-6 character set encoded in octal, decimal, and hexadecimal DESCRIPTION The ISO 8859 standard includes several 8-bit extensions to
iso_8859-7 7 iso_8859-7 — ISO 8859-7 character set encoded in octal, decimal, and hexadecimal DESCRIPTION The ISO 8859 standard includes several 8-bit extensions to
iso_8859-8 7 iso_8859-8 — ISO 8859-8 character set encoded in octal, decimal, and hexadecimal DESCRIPTION The ISO 8859 standard includes several 8-bit extensions to
iso_8859-9 7 iso_8859-9 — ISO 8859-9 character set encoded in octal, decimal, and hexadecimal DESCRIPTION The ISO 8859 standard includes several 8-bit extensions to
keyrings 7 keyrings — in-kernel key management and retention facility DESCRIPTION The Linux key-management facility is primarily a way for various kernel componen
koi8-r 7 koi8-r — Russian character set encoded in octal, decimal, and hexadecimal DESCRIPTION RFC 1489 defines an 8-bit character set, KOI8-R. KOI8-R encodes t
koi8-u 7 koi8-u — Ukrainian character set encoded in octal, decimal, and hexadecimal DESCRIPTION RFC 2310 defines an 8-bit character set, KOI8-U. KOI8-U encodes
locale 7 locale — description of multilanguage support Synopsis #include <locale.h> DESCRIPTION A locale is a set of languag
mailaddr 7 mailaddr — mail addressing description DESCRIPTION This manual page gives a brief introduction to SMTP mail addresses, as used on the Internet. These address
man-pages 7 man-pages — conventions for writing Linux man pages Synopsis man DESCRIPTION This page describes the conventions th
man 7 man — macros to format man pages Synopsis groff −Tascii −man ... groff −Tps −man ... man DESCRIPTION This manua
math_error 7 math_error — detecting errors from mathematical functions Synopsis #include <math.h> #include <errno.h> #include <fenv.h>
mount_namespaces 7 mount_namespaces — overview of Linux mount namespaces DESCRIPTION For an overview of namespaces, see namespaces(7). Mount namespaces provide isolation
mq_overview 7 mq_overview — overview of POSIX message queues DESCRIPTION POSIX message queues allow processes to exchange data in the form of messages. This API is distinc
namespaces 7 namespaces — overview of Linux namespaces DESCRIPTION A namespace wraps a global system resource in an abstraction that makes it appear to the processes with
netdevice 7 netdevice — low-level access to Linux network devices Synopsis #include <sys/ioctl.h> #include <net/if.h> DE
netlink 7 netlink — communication between kernel and user space (AF_NETLINK) Synopsis #include <asm/types.h> #include <sys/socket.h> #include <linux/n
network_namespaces 7 network_namespaces — overview of Linux network namespaces DESCRIPTION Network namespaces provide isolation of the system resources associated with netw
nptl 7 nptl — Native POSIX Threads Library DESCRIPTION NPTL (Native POSIX Threads Library) is the GNU C library POSIX threads implementation that is used on modern
numa 7 numa — overview of Non-Uniform Memory Architecture DESCRIPTION Non-Uniform Memory Access (NUMA) refers to multiprocessor systems whose memory is divide
operator 7 operator — C operator precedence and order of evaluation DESCRIPTION This manual page lists C operators and their precedence in evaluation.
packet 7 packet — packet interface on device level Synopsis #include <sys/socket.h> #include <linux/if_packet.h> #include <net/ethernet.h> /* the L2 pro
path_resolution 7 path_resolution — how a pathname is resolved to a file DESCRIPTION Some UNIX/Linux system calls have as parameter one or more filenames. A filename (or
persistent-keyring 7 persistent-keyring — per-user persistent keyring DESCRIPTION The persistent keyring is a keyring used to anchor keys on behalf of a user. Each UID the kernel
pid_namespaces 7 pid_namespaces — overview of Linux PID namespaces DESCRIPTION For an overview of namespaces, see namespaces(7). PID namespaces isolate the process ID n
pipe 7 pipe — overview of pipes and FIFOs DESCRIPTION Pipes and FIFOs (also known as named pipes) provide a unidirectional interprocess communication channel. A pip
pkeys 7 pkeys — overview of Memory Protection Keys DESCRIPTION Memory Protection Keys (pkeys) are an extension to existing page-based memory permissions. Normal page
posixoptions 7 posixoptions — optional parts of the POSIX standard DESCRIPTION The POSIX standard (the information below is from POSIX.1-2001) describes a set of beha
process-keyring 7 process-keyring — per-process shared keyring DESCRIPTION The process keyring is a keyring used to anchor keys on behalf of a process. It is created only when
pthreads 7 pthreads — POSIX threads DESCRIPTION POSIX.1 specifies a set of interfaces (functions, header files) for threaded programming commonly known as POSIX t
pty 7 pty — pseudoterminal interfaces DESCRIPTION A pseudoterminal (sometimes abbreviated _zdouble_quotesz_pty_zdouble_quotesz_) is a pair of virtual character dev
random 7 random — overview of interfaces for obtaining randomness DESCRIPTION The kernel random-number generator relies on entropy gathered from device drivers
raw 7 raw — Linux IPv4 raw sockets Synopsis #include <sys/socket.h> #include <netinet/in.h> raw_socket =
regex 7 regex — POSIX.2 regular expressions DESCRIPTION Regular expressions (_zdouble_quotesz_RE_zdouble_quotesz_s), as defined in POSIX.2, come in two forms: modern
rtld-audit 7 rtld-audit — auditing API for the dynamic linker Synopsis #define _GNU_SOURCE /* See feature_test_macros(7) */ #include <link.h>
rtnetlink 7 rtnetlink — Linux IPv4 routing socket Synopsis #include <asm/types.h> #include <linux/netlink.h> #include <linux/rtnetlink.h> #include <sys/
sched 7 sched — overview of CPU scheduling DESCRIPTION Since Linux 2.6.23, the default scheduler is CFS, the _zdouble_quotesz_Completely Fair Scheduler_zdouble_quote
sem_overview 7 sem_overview — overview of POSIX semaphores DESCRIPTION POSIX semaphores allow processes and threads to synchronize their actions. A semaphore is an in
session-keyring 7 session-keyring — session shared process keyring DESCRIPTION The session keyring is a keyring used to anchor keys on behalf of a process. It is typically cre
shm_overview 7 shm_overview — overview of POSIX shared memory DESCRIPTION The POSIX shared memory API allows processes to communicate information by sharing a region of mem
sigevent 7 sigevent — structure for notification from asynchronous routines Synopsis
signal-safety 7 signal-safety — async-signal-safe functions DESCRIPTION An async-signal-safe function is one that can be safely called from within a signal handler. Ma
signal 7 signal — overview of signals DESCRIPTION Linux supports both POSIX reliable signals (hereinafter _zdouble_quotesz_standard signals_zdouble_quotesz_) and POSI
socket 7 socket — Linux socket interface Synopsis #include <sys/socket.h> sockfd = socket( int socket_family,
sock_diag 7 sock_diag — obtaining information about sockets Synopsis #include <sys/socket.h> #include <linux/sock_diag.h> #include <linux/unix_diag.h> /*
spufs 7 spufs — SPU filesystem DESCRIPTION The SPU filesystem is used on PowerPC machines that implement the Cell Broadband Engine Architecture in order to acc
standards 7 standards — C and UNIX Standards DESCRIPTION The CONFORMING TO section that appears in many manual pages identifies various standards to which the documented
suffixes 7 suffixes — list of file suffixes DESCRIPTION It is customary to indicate the contents of a file with the file suffix, which consists of a period, followed by
sysvipc 7 Name sysvipc — System V interprocess communication mechanisms Synopsis #include <sys/msg.h> #include &l
symlink 7 symlink — symbolic link handling DESCRIPTION Symbolic links are files that act as pointers to other files. To understand their behavior, you must first
tcp 7 tcp — TCP protocol Synopsis #include <sys/socket.h> #include <netinet/in.h> #include <netinet/tcp.h>
termio 7 termio — System V terminal driver interface DESCRIPTION termio is the name of the old System V terminal driver interface. This interface defined a term
thread-keyring 7 thread-keyring — per-thread keyring DESCRIPTION The thread keyring is a keyring used to anchor keys on behalf of a process. It is created only when a thread
time 7 time — overview of time and timers DESCRIPTION Real time and process time Real time is defined as time measured from some fixed
udp 7 udp — User Datagram Protocol for IPv4 Synopsis #include <sys/socket.h> #include <netinet/in.h> #include <netinet/udp.h>
udplite 7 udplite — Lightweight User Datagram Protocol Synopsis #include <sys/socket.h> sockfd = socket(
unicode 7 unicode — universal character set DESCRIPTION The international standard ISO 10646 defines the Universal Character Set (UCS). UCS contains all characters of
units 7 units — decimal and binary prefixes DESCRIPTION Decimal prefixes The SI system of units uses prefixes that indicate powers of te
unix 7 unix — sockets for local interprocess communication Synopsis #include <sys/socket.h> #include <sys/un.h>
uri 7 uri, url, urn — uniform resource identifier (URI), including a URL or URN Synopsis URI = [ absoluteURI | relativeURI ] [ _zdouble_quotesz_#_zdouble_quotesz
user-keyring 7 user-keyring — per-user keyring DESCRIPTION The user keyring is a keyring used to anchor keys on behalf of a user. Each UID the kernel deals with has its own
user-session-keyring 7 user-session-keyring — per-user default session keyring DESCRIPTION The user session keyring is a keyring used to anchor keys on behalf of a user. Each
user_namespaces 7 user_namespaces — overview of Linux user namespaces DESCRIPTION For an overview of namespaces, see namespaces(7). User namespaces isolate security-rela
utf-8 7 UTF-8 — an ASCII compatible multibyte Unicode encoding DESCRIPTION The Unicode 3.0 character set occupies a 16-bit code space. The most obvious Unicode
uts_namespaces 7 uts_namespaces — overview of Linux UTS namespaces DESCRIPTION UTS namespaces provide isolation of two system identifiers: the hostname and the NIS doma
vdso 7 vdso — overview of the virtual ELF dynamic shared object Synopsis #include <sys/auxv.h> void *vdso =(
vsock 7 vsock — Linux VSOCK address family Synopsis #include <sys/socket.h> #include <linux/vm_sockets.h> stre
x25 7 x25 — ITU-T X.25 / ISO-8208 protocol interface. Synopsis #include <sys/socket.h> #include <linux/x25.h>
xattr 7 xattr — Extended attributes DESCRIPTION Extended attributes are name:value pairs associated permanently with files and directories, similar to the envi